Evidence-Based Acne Treatments: What Science Really Says

One of the most common skin concerns is acne. And it isn’t just a teenage concern—as many adults’ experience acne into their30s, 40s, and beyond. And misconceptions around acne about its causes and treatment remain widespread. So, let’s understand the science behind acne and its management.   

Acne is a chronic disease, which may prevail into adulthood. As per a report published in National Library of Medicine, self-reported acne has been recorded to be 57.8% among individuals aged 15-24 years.

What Causes Acne?

Hormonal Changes and stress: Hormonal fluctuations especially around menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause can increase oil production and clog pores, and trigger breakouts. Your stress level also results in acne production. High stress raises cortisol, a hormone that causes inflammation and worsen acne.

Skin care: Heavy or comedogenic products can clog pores and trigger breakouts. Dermatologists usually guide you toward gentle, acne-safe options designed to suit your unique skin type. You should always consult a derma before switching to a new product or when you have a sensitive and acne prone skin.

Diet and lifestyle: For some people, foods rich in sugar, dairy, or refined carbohydrates may worsen acne. Adopting balanced eating habits can help reduce inflammation and promote healthier, clearer skin.  

Myths Around Acne

1. Only Teenagers Can Get Acne

One of the most common myths about acne is that it only affects teenagers. While breakouts often begin during adolescence, acne can persist well beyond those years. Especially women continue to experience acne in their 30s, 40s, and even later in life. Factors such as hormonal fluctuations, stress, and everyday skincare habits all play a role in adult acne.  

 2. Diet Does Not Play A Major Role

For years, acne was thought to have no link to diet but recent studies suggest otherwise. While food isn’t the sole cause, certain choices like high-glycemic meals or excessive dairy may contribute to breakouts in some people.

Eating a balanced diet directly impact your skin health and acne. Always eat high fibre and Vitamin C rich foods to stay away from acne.

3. Acne Will Go Away On Its Own

Untreated acne can persist for years and lead to permanent scarring. Early treatment prevents long-term damage. Consult a dermatologist to get acne treated or else it will worsen and will become difficult to deal with it later.

4. Sun Exposure Clears Acne

While UV light may temporarily reduce lesions, it increases pigmentation, premature aging, and skin cancer risk.

5. Eating Chocolate Or Greasy Food Causes Acne

Diet plays a role, but the evidence points to high-glycaemic foods and dairy as potential triggers. Chocolate and oily foods alone are not direct causes.  

Evidence-Based Treatments

Understanding what science supports and what it does not is essential for effective management and prevention of acne.

1. Retinoids: Include retinoids infused serums and cleansers to normalise skin cell turnover and reduce clogged pores.

2. Benzoyl Peroxide: It helps break down keratin plugs and promotes the opening of clogged pores, reducing blackheads and whiteheads. It is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compound; often combined with antibiotics or retinoids. It also helps to reduce inflammation.

3. Topical Antibiotics: Topical antibiotics are commonly prescribed for acne because they target both the bacteria involved and the inflammation that drives breakouts. It reduces bacteria and inflammation; best used with benzoyl peroxide to prevent resistance.

Effective acne management requires patience and consistency. Most treatments take 6–12 weeks to show visible improvement. Lifestyle factors like stress, sleep, and diet can influence severity but are not sole causes.